Annealing Furnace Temperature Chart: Standard Parameters for Different Metals

Accurate temperature parameter control is the core of qualified annealing heat treatment. Different metal materials have unique physical properties, grain structures and phase transformation characteristics, corresponding to exclusive annealing temperature ranges, soaking time and cooling standards. This complete annealing furnace temperature chart sorts out the most authoritative and practical industrial standard parameters for common metals, helping factories avoid quality problems caused by temperature deviation and standardize annealing production processes.

1. Carbon Steel Series Annealing Parameters

Low-carbon steel (Q235, 10# steel): Full annealing temperature 880–920°C, stress relief annealing 600–700°C. Suitable for structural parts, steel plates and common hardware materials. Slow furnace cooling is adopted to refine grain and improve machinability.

Medium carbon steel (45#, 40Cr): Annealing temperature 820–880°C. Mainly used for pre-heat treatment before quenching and tempering to eliminate forging and cutting stress and reduce hardness for easy processing.

High-carbon tool steel (T8, T10): Annealing temperature 760–810°C. Strictly control temperature to prevent grain coarsening, reduce brittleness and prepare for subsequent quenching hardening.

2. Stainless Steel Series Annealing Parameters

Austenitic stainless steel (304, 304L, 316, 316L): Solution annealing temperature 1010–1150°C. Rapid cooling is mandatory after soaking to dissolve carbides and restore corrosion resistance and ductility.

Ferritic stainless steel (430, 409): Recrystallization annealing 750–850°C, stress relief annealing 650–720°C. Slow cooling is acceptable without rapid quenching.

Martensitic stainless steel (410, 420): Softening annealing 700–800°C, reducing quenching hardness for machining and forming.

3. Non-Ferrous Metal Annealing Parameters

Pure copper and brass: Annealing temperature 300–550°C. Protective atmosphere is required to avoid oxidation and maintain bright surface.

Aluminum alloy (6061, 6063): Stress relief annealing 200–300°C, recrystallization annealing 350–450°C. Low-temperature processing to prevent aluminum material soft excess and strength attenuation.

Titanium alloy: High-precision annealing 650–750°C, vacuum atmosphere processing to avoid oxidation and pollution.

4. Alloy and Special Metal Parameters

Powder metallurgy iron-based alloy: Annealing temperature 780–850°C to improve material density and mechanical stability.

Spring steel: Stress relief annealing 400–500°C to stabilize elastic performance and eliminate processing stress.

Mold steel: Pre-treatment annealing 800–850°C to reduce hardness and facilitate mold finishing processing.

In addition to fixed temperature ranges, annealing quality is also affected by soaking time and cooling speed. Thick workpieces need extended soaking time to ensure uniform core temperature; precision parts need graded slow cooling to avoid thermal stress deformation; bright annealing parts must match protective atmosphere while controlling temperature. Modern programmable annealing furnaces can store all standard parameter curves, realizing one-click accurate processing for different metals and effectively reducing human error and defective rate.